WASHINGTON — Senate Democrats, with the backing of the Obama administration, took a big step forward on Monday toward adopting the most sweeping overhaul of financial regulations since the Depression, calling on Republicans to join them to adopt the measure in the thick of an election year.
Exactly 18 months since Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, setting in motion a financial crisis that required a federal bailout of unprecedented scope, the chairman of the Senate Banking Committee laid out a bill that aims to ensure stability for the financial system; close regulatory loopholes that had allowed excessive risk-taking; and protect consumers from the kinds of abusive loans that brought down the housing market.
The bill would enshrine Washington’s role in policing Wall Street, creating a nine-member council, led by the Treasury secretary, to detect systemic risks to the markets and placing the Federal Reserve in charge of all of the nation’s largest and most interconnected financial institutions.
The banking committee chairman, Christopher J. Dodd, Democrat of Connecticut, noted that negotiators from the two parties were not far apart when he announced last week that Democrats would proceed with their own bill.
“We will have financial reform adopted this year in the Congress of the United States,” Mr. Dodd said.
Even so, the measure’s prospects remained far from certain.
The major flashpoints will include, among other things, the scope of authority for a new Consumer Financial Protection Bill to be established within the Fed; the scope of exemptions under new rules governing the trade of derivatives; and the mechanism by which the government could seize and dismantle a large company on the verge of failure.
Another provision is one intended to curb Wall Street’s influence over the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Its president would be appointed by the president of the United States, not by a board that includes representatives of member banks business card design.
Mr. Dodd estimated that there was substantial bipartisan agreement on 9 of the bill’s 11 titles, the exceptions being consumer protection and corporate governance.
The bill “reflects an awful lot of work that has gone on between Democrats and Republicans on this committee,” Mr. Dodd said, taking pains to praise the top Republican on the committee, Senator Richard C. Shelby of Alabama, and another member, Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee, who had spearheaded Republican negotiations in recent weeks.
The bill quickly attracted praise from observers — if not lawmakers — on both sides of the aisle.
“This will ensure that large financial institutions face the same resolution process as small banks and eliminate the possibility of future government bailouts,” said Sheila C. Bair, a Republican who is chairwoman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Elizabeth Warren, a Harvard law professor who is chairwoman of the Congressional Oversight Panel that oversees the Troubled Asset Relief Program, said in a statement, “Despite the banks’ ferocious lobbying for business as usual, Chairman Dodd took an important step today by advancing new laws to prevent the next crisis. We’re now heading toward a series of votes in which the choice will be clear: families or banks.”
Douglas J. Elliott, a former investment banker and now a fellow at the Brookings Institution, said the proposal appeared to “represent a major improvement to the status quo, but political compromises significantly diminish its effectiveness compared to an ideal set of reforms.”